Martin Luther King`s Persuasion Techniques Free Essays

The remarkable feature of Martin Luther King’s rhetorical style is emotional appeal and dramatic descriptions. In his essay, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† he uses argumentation and persuasion techniques in order to convince readers in his position and ideas. King possesses intelligence and ana ­lytical interest raising the audience to high emotional level. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King`s Persuasion Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main techniques selected for analysis are emotional appeal, logic, historical and current examples, testimonials, and fact and figure. Testimonials help King to give some recommendation to readers based on his own experience and life situations. King directly addresses his opponents: â€Å"MY DEAR FELLOW CLERGYMEN† (King). He uses testimonials to make his point and persuade listeners to agree with him. Using â€Å"fact and figure† technique, King persuades readers in rightfulness of his views supported by real facts: â€Å"the contemporary church is a weak, ineffectual voice with an uncertain sound† (King). The audience feels that it is not a voice of the author, but a voice of the leader who really bears enormous burden of segregation trying to help millions of people to become equal with majority. Logic is another technique used by King to appeal to the audience and their mind. Following Walton, â€Å"The problem then is to understand generally how argumentation schemes can be seen as being a part of some framework of logical reasoning† (1996, 10). Logic means clearly expressed ideas and facts which allow the audience to follow thoughts and notions explained by the author. In the Letter, every argument forestalls the next one. â€Å"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps †¦ â€Å" (King).   Vivid arguments and personal examples are logically connected which helps the audience to grasp the idea of the essay. Control of powerful feeling intensifies emotional appeal and adds dramatic effects. To give dramatic descriptions with intensity, to make the imagined picture of reality glow with more than a dim light, requires the author’s finest compositional powers. In the Letter, King creates a vivid image of racial segregation as â€Å"a burden† with deprives many racial minorities a chance to be free from oppression and humiliation. â€Å"We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by oppressor† (King). There is intensity of illusion because the author is pres ­ent, constantly reminding readers of his unnatural wisdom. Values are universal norms of behavior and conduct followed by all people in spite of their racial or ethical background. King uses eternal human values in order to join different nationalities and minority groups. â€Å"Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you†(King).   The moral quality depends not on the validity of doctrines, but on the moral sense and arguments presented in the work. In both books, a certain amount of plot is based on emotional response. Exclamation marks, rhetorical question and parallel structure of sentences add emotional coloring. He appeals to such human values as tolerance and morals. Idiom and metaphors create sense of reality (How to Be Persuasive. 2001). King deals with his personal sufferings and expresses the effects of the segregation on his fellow friends on a scale of universal significance. Historical and current examples create a sense of reality which helps the audience to grasp the idea of equality and its role in historical process. The main feature of this essay is that King uses historical information based on reason and expiations of the events which attract attention of the audience. Historical examples include: St. Thomas Aquinas, Socrates, Adolf Hitler. King expects that his letter helps many people to â€Å"awake† from long sleeping and start fighting, because the new social order and ideas, and no doubt that in his society the main role is featured to democracy and freedom. â€Å"If today’s church does not recapture the sacrificial spirit of the early church, it will lose its authenticity†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (King). Personal tone is an important element of his rhetoric, because it creates a certain vision of segregation and inequality from the author’s point of view (Arguments and Persuasion Techniques in Writing, 1999). His language is logic and accurate, concise and creative. King’s rhetoric has strength, depth and delicacy of feeling. In sum, in this essay King uses traditional rhetoric techniques which help him to persuade the audience and appeal to their emotions and mind. More obvious rhetoric effects are achieved by explicitly controlling the reader’s expectations with the hopes and fears held by a common citizen. Works Cited Page 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   King, M.L. Letter from Birmingham Jail. 1963, n.d.   http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/MLK-jail.html 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arguments and Persuasion Techniques in Writing. 1999. http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/argpers.htm 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How to Be Persuasive. 2001. http://www.rinkworks.com/persuasive/ 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Walton, D.N. Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996. How to cite Martin Luther King`s Persuasion Techniques, Essay examples

Financial Application Package in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Financial Application Package in Australia. Answer: Introduction MYOB or Mind Your Own Business is a multinational corporation in Australia. This company provides retail software, payroll, and accounting for medium and small business, and is well known in New Zealand and Australia. Its products are used by over 10,000 accounting practices and 1,000,000 business owners in both of these countries. There are two versions of MYOB accounting software MYOB Basics for the desktop version and MYOB LiveAccounts for the cloud. This literature review takes the Australian accounting company MYOB, and discusses its history from the companys inception, development of its product, gradual evolution into cloud application, and focus on the user adoption. Current market size is evaluated globally, and prediction made according to a modern survey. There are existing competitive players in the market, and they are listed categorized according to desktop publications and cloud applications. Competitive advantages are discussed in the form of reducing cost by adopting cloud application, the accuracy of data, automation and collaboration. MYOB is not user-friendly, and it is detailed mentioning the necessity to train separately for using this application. Literature Review History Team Teleware, Inc. and Christopher Lee developed an accounting software product in the United States in the 1980s and used the name MYOB. Equity was provided by Christopher Lee after Data-tech software; the Australian publisher purchased the intellectual property rights in 1996. On 9th July 1999, the company changed its name to MYOB, which was registered on ASX or Australian Stock Board Exchange. Following development in business, MYOB Limited merged with Solution 6 Holdings in 2004, which expanded the reach of MYOB with accounting practices in New Zealand and Australia, while expanding its range of services and products for the same (Myobecommerce.com.au, 2016). Domain registration, email hosting, and web hosting are some of the packages released as online services by MYOB in May of 2008. Tim Reed stepped in as the new CEO after replacing former CEO Craig Wrinkler in June 2008. To refocus the companys business in New Zealand and Australia, MYOB shut down its operations from Asia, I reland, UK and the USA in 2008 (Myob.com, 2016). A successful takeover bid for MYOB is completed in January 2009 by the equity consortium led by Archer Capital, which led back to the private ownership. MYOB was sold by Archer Capital on 21 August 2011 for an undisclosed amount. Development and Adoption The biggest improvement MYOB made in their software development cycle is by adopting the lean startup concept for stocking inventory to the proper levels to minimize waste. Lean startup concept puts emphasis on building products by taking continuous feedbacks from the user so to not reduce inventory with products nobody would use. One such concept called Andon cord is utilized by the Toyotas production system (The Pulse Australia, 2014). Andon cord is a literal rope in the production line which the workers can pull anytime to halt the production system if it affects product quality and safety. Since the whole production line comes to an end, therefore everyone can prioritize the task until it is resolved (Yinglian, Boegh and Qi, 2012). Over the past three years, MYOB had invested in a major way to deliver cloud solution from providing desktop-only software. Company's flagship accounting solution AccountRight Live was launched in November 2012. After the launch of AccountRight Live, t he company got feedback that the softwares speed was not up to the expectation (Myob.com, 2016). After the company had planned many exciting features internally, it changed its roadmap to focus only on performance and speed, as the company prioritized the needs of the user first. MYOB decided to focus on power users who can memorize keyboard shortcuts and work with less number of steps. As of 2014 the company did welcome feedback reports from users involved in any user tests or feedbacks in forums or blogs. Current Market Size The application market for global financial services has been forecasted to grow from $ 66.92 billion in 2014 to $ 103.66 billion by 2019, at 9.1% CAGR. Applications market of global financial services is divided into following regions Latin America, Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and North-America. Software classified according to the regions are Customer Experience and Enterprise IT, Business Transaction Processing, BI and Analytics Applications, Risk and Compliance Management, and Audit (Mayer, Melitz and Ottaviano, 2014). Present leaders in the market Other Accounting software present in Australia is which are considered to be the best are mentioned below. Competitive desktop accounting software is MoneyWorks Express, Reckon Accounts EasyStart. Competitive cloud accounting software is Intuit QuickBooks Online Simple Start, Saasu, and Xero (Odhiambo and Nyasha, 2015). Competitive advantage After MYOB had moved towards cloud accounting by popular demand, it gave the users a lot of freedom in accessing their files from anywhere and from any device, be it onsite, at home or client's place. It helps in collaboration between the partners, suppliers, and customers. It also happens to increase the productivity of the workforce by reducing the stress of the client and strengthening the organization (Technologies, 2016). MYOB automates most of the input process saving a lot of time compared to manual accounting systems. Many times multiple entries are necessary for the same information, and MYOB automates this very task by syncing information and minimizes process that is time-consuming by automating payroll, purchase orders and credit notes and more (Symons, 2014). Business Analysis becomes much simpler and automatic as the application can generate reports of profit and loss statements, cash flow statements and more instead of different teams working on the same and then delivering reports after a limited time. It aids in controlling, monitoring and managing the business in just a few clicks of the mouse (Freeth, 2012). Human error can creep in when the workload becomes excessive or stressful. MYOB automates these tasks reducing burden and can even remove duplicate entries and redundancy errors. MYOB updates the records instantly, so the users are seeing the updates in real time. Account records are updated instantly in customers accounts, which help in having financial stability of the company in the long-term (Angelovski, Angelovski and Le Nguyen, 2014). According to Hossack, (2015), operating systems, hardware including its maintenance and accounting fees can take a large part of the organizations money. The cloud application from MYOB saves from all these hassles and requires only a subscription fee every month. This also eliminates the need for backups, updates, and maintenance. Current challenges encountered and literature gap There is a major concern with data security when it comes to cloud accounting systems like MYOB, and 46% respondents who took part in the Software Advices survey expressed this concern. Online content is always susceptible to frauds, hackers, and other risks. MYOB is not easy, to begin with, and therefore an organization's workforce intending to deal with this cloud application has to be trained separately (Venkatraman and Fahd, 2016). The company is trying to benefit from the Solution 6 acquisition as a strategic target, which will help MYOB in its growth and both the companies had been having discussions and talks. Merging both companies will help common branding, a stronger presence in the market, and the ability to resolve accountancy and business users and closing the gap between them. However, the CEO of Solution 6 Craig Winkler believes that MYOB would not be recognized globally (Idm.net.au, 2016). Conclusion The company MYOB adopted the lean manufacturing concept which helped it cutting costs on those products which are not necessary, and by creating Andon Cord, which is a literal cord the staffs can pull, to halt the production in case of manufacturing defect. The company then moved its desktop-only software to a cloud application by taking user feedbacks into account. There are currently existing accounting products for both desktop version, and cloud -like Competitive desktop accounting software is MoneyWorks Express, Reckon Accounts EasyStart. Competitive cloud accounting software is Intuit QuickBooks Online Simple Start, Saasu, and Xero.MYOB is also ahead of the competition regarding the accuracy of its entries, removing duplicate entries; cloud application makes investment quite cheap and much less hassle and automates most of the tasks and generate reports in real-time. However, the threats to online data security persist coupled with the non-novice friendly of the software makes it difficult for organizations to adapt to. Recommendations MYOB is not novice-friendly and the fact that a striking user-interface is the first thing that appeals to most users, MYOB loses out in that aspect. Instead of providing training sessions to those who are adopting it, it should try to make its interface simpler and easier to understand when every other product and application design are opting for clean and bold looks. Besides studying user feedback, MYOB also has to research and analyze the market. If it has to step ahead of the game among its competitors, it will also have to focus on releasing new features which are innovative and original, so that it creates a trend in the financial market. References Angelovski, S., Angelovski, V. and Le Nguyen, Y.H., Mace Engineering Group Pty Ltd., 2014.Sales Order Data Collection And Management System. U.S. Patent Application 14/483,178. Curtis, V., 2015.MYOB Software for Dummies-Australia. John Wiley Sons. Freeth, S., 2012. Tools: A switched on business.Connected Home Australia, (Mar 2012), p.52. Hossack, S., 2015. Cloud-based accounting and productivity tools for practitioners and taxpayers.Taxation in Australia,50(5), p.265. Mayer, T., Melitz, M.J. and Ottaviano, G.I., 2014. Market size, competition, and the product mix of exporters.The American Economic Review,104(2), pp.495-536. Myob.com. (2016).Accounting Software with Payroll Job Costing | AccountRight | MYOB. [online] Available at: https://www.myob.com/au/accounting-software/accountright [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com. (2016).The MYOB Story. [online] Available at: https://www.myob.com/nz/about/group/story [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Myobecommerce.com.au. (2016).History General Information. [online] Available at: https://www.myobecommerce.com.au/history [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Odhiambo, N.M. and Nyasha, S., 2015.Financial systems and economic growth: empirical evidence from Australia(No. 18927). Symons, M.J., Single Funnel Pty Ltd, 2014.Customer relationship management (crm) systems. U.S. Patent Application 14/192,692. Technologies, R. (2016).MYOB: Benefits and Challenges for your Organisation. [online] Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au. Available at: https://blog.rgtechnologies.com.au/myob [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. The Pulse Australia. (2014).Lean startup: Behind the scenes at MYOB - The Pulse Australia. [online] Available at: https://myob.com.au/blog/lean-startup-behind-the-scenes-at-myob/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Venkatraman, S. and Fahd, K., 2016. Challenges and Success Factors of ERP Systems in Australian SMEs.Systems,4(2), p.20. Yinglian, L., Begh, J. and Qi, S., 2012, May. Who Can Haul the ANDON-CORD in the Software Development Process. InInternational Conference on Trustworthy Computing and Services(pp. 714-720). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporations Employee Training Program

The scope of the research In this research project, the proposal will dwell on the strategies that the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation uses in its bid to ensure optimal employee performance. The paper will offer the best strategies to ensure optimal performance of the employees. At the beginning, the paper will provide an intrinsic proposal after which it presents the research problem.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation’s Employee Training Program specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After this, the research will authenticate researches that have been carried out on the topic, besides presenting a comprehensive literature review to establish the present stand on the topic. Finally, the research proposal will deliver the final outcome which will be include proposals on the best ways to overcome the problem, reflect upon it, and finally present the most appropriate alternati ve approach that will minimize or solve the problem. Research background The problem is the need to incorporate training and development as part of the human resource management policies of the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC). Currently, the human resource management department have policies that do not optimally reinforce training and development among the employees. As a result, the company loses its engineers to its competitors due to lack of a successful training program. Besides, the company does not have a very clear career path for the employees. In many jurisdictions, it is mandatory to have an independent training and development management function in an institution. Reflectively, design and skill development are the nerve centre for skilled and competent labour force. Unfortunately, there are scenarios where the human resource management department of the ENEC is not very efficient and therefore fails to take up key control issues in time. There is no proper sc hedule for periodic and continuous employee training and development within the ENEC, which has a quantifiable module for tracking the feedback and level of engagement among the employees. As a result, it is almost impossible to monitor the performance of each employee against the set targets. Besides, the lack of training and development may be attributed to low employee morale and redundancy at the organization. It is therefore necessary to establish the most appropriate and sustainable training and development strategy for the ENEC to monitor and micromanage its employee productivity as is the case at the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research problem Despite the fact that the ENEC spends several millions in training seminars and internal programs, the training modules have not been modified to fit within the organization’s corpor ate culture. Therefore, this research paper will establish the most appropriate approach that the ENEC should adopt to improve on its training and development strategies. The ENEC will greatly benefit from appropriate training and development strategies, which translates into better employee growth and development, affirmative action, and client satisfaction. Rationale of the research The need for employee efficiency in the ENEC necessitates more research in the area of management styles and their impacts on organizational performance within the UAE. It is for these reasons that the research will attempt to provide a framework for organizational performance as directly influenced by the type of management strategies at the ENEC. From the business point of view, the ENEC will be in a position to double its current labour output and will spend less time in constant replacement of the employees who resign. From the personnel engagement and motivation point of view, the ENEC will be in a position to provide better career paths, opportunities for personal and organizational growth, and motive employees to perform optimally. At the end of the research, the ENEC, which wants to further improve organizational performance and increase its commitment to efficiency, will have mechanisms that it can use to decide on the most appropriate management style. Research aims and objectives This study attempts to explicitly review the human resource management strategies in the ENEC and their impacts on the quality of employee performance feedback. The primary aims and objectives of this research paper will be; To provide sufficient information to the human resource management department of the ENEC on the real management problems that has facilitated the occurrence of poor performance among the employees. To establish the views of the employees of the ENEC on the level of job satisfaction within the current training and development programs. To establish the link between the cu rrent output of the ENEC and the scope of its human resource management strategies. Research questions What is lacking within the training planning at the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation? What factors of human resource planning has not propelled the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation to its optimal success route? How does the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation deal with different challenges with its employee training planning? What could be the reasons behind constant employee resignation, despite the attractive remuneration packages? Significance of the research This research will assist the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation in the UAE to implement effective employee management strategies that promote efficiency and sustainability of employee performance feedback. It will be a compilation of best human resource management strategy practices.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation’s Employee Training Program spec ifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study will also provide recommendations on how the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation can effectively manage its employee performance in order to guarantee employee satisfaction. Research methodology Research methodology encompasses elements like research design, study location, target population, sample and sampling procedures, research instruments, pilot testing of the instruments, data collection process, and data analysis procedures. These elements will be discussed in a more coherent manner. It must be noted that this section is very important to this study due to the fact that it gives the methods used to collect the primary data from the source. This research will be conducted using research survey study approach. The researcher chose the qualitative approach rather than a quantitative because the scope of the research is focused, subjective, dynamic, and discovery oriented. The qualitative app roach is best suited to gain proper insight into the situation of the case study. Besides, qualitative data analysis is more detailed than a quantitative one. Moreover, this approach will create room for further analysis using different and divergent tools for checking the degree of error and assumption limits. The researcher will dispatch 120 questionnaires as part of the quantitative survey. The research will be declared effective when 80 questionnaires are fully filled and returned. This research will target senior and junior staff at the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation and the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. The research will target to interview 6 participants. The study will opt for open and close-ended questionnaire in data collection since it is economical on time, finance, and energy unlike qualitative method which may not be economical especially when the sample size is put into picture. In the collection of data procedure, the research will adopt a drop and pick module for the sample population. Each respondent will be given a time frame of a week to respond to questions in the questionnaire. Where necessary, further clarification will be accorded to participants.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Data Analysis The collected quantitative data will be coded and passed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version seventeen. In the process, cross tabulation will be used to compare and contrast perception on the effectiveness of the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation’s training program. In order to quantify the relationship between the independent and dependent variable, ANOVA will be essential besides figures, charts, and tabular representation of correlation analysis. Expected findings It is anticipated that the human resource management strategies, that will be recommended, will ensure optimal performance and sustainability of the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation’s labour function as have been the case at the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. The improvement in employee performance will be quantifiable through comparing the past employee performance feedback of the company with the performance after six months of implementation. This report on Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation’s Employee Training Program was written and submitted by user Trinity Osborne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Medical outsourcing versus in-house development Essay Example

Medical outsourcing versus in Medical outsourcing versus in-house development Paper Medical outsourcing versus in-house development Paper Outsourcing has been a very controversial topic in the modern business environment.   This is because of the diverse benefits and costs that organizations which outsource, or fail to outsource, face.   Outsourcing involves sub-contracting services to other companies or firms, as opposed to in-house employees performing them. According to Altinkemer Chaturvedi (1), a company or firm enters into a contract with a vendor and the contract defines nature of outsourced services.   Such companies that have been given these contracts are usually professionals in that field, and provide the services more efficiently and relative easily, than the company that contracts them. The major reason that companies outsource services is to concentrate on their core activities and to save money.   It is also done to conserve use of labor, land, technology, capital and other resources.   In the medical field, outsourcing is also common due to similar reasons.   Services that can be outsourced in this field include surgery, treatment, IT services, facility management, catering among other services. Benefits of medical outsourcing. Cost One benefit of medical outsourcing is the reduction in cost.   According to Lauren (68-73), patients who would have otherwise not afforded health care are given a chance to access it, from specialists who charge cheaper than the medical facility.   Countries such as Philippines and India are reputed to be relatively cheap and this is the reason that foreigners flock to these countries.   This is however a benefit that is mostly enjoyed by the patient, since it is an opportunity cost is foregone by the hospital, in case the facility could have handled the problem. In terms of the health facility, outsourcing non-cores services reduces costs, due to increasing efficiency and effectiveness of operations.   This is achieved through delegating such duties to professionals.   Costs are also reduced since the medical facilities do not have to invest in capital equipment for activities that they outsource.   The vendors own their own equipment that they use to operate their activities.   Plant ownership and fixed overheads are eliminated, which saves money for the facility. Core services. Another benefit of medical outsourcing, especially if it involves facility management, is the fact that the medical facility can concentrate on providing its primary service, that is health care.   Other services provided by hospitals include catering, cleaning and maintaining stocks among other services. These services, though necessary, are the non-core services that are provided by medical facilities.   Outsourcing them would enable the medical facilities provide quality health care.   According to McEntee (12-18), such services would be delegated to professional in those fields, which would reduce the energy and time that medical facilities use in providing them. Customer satisfaction. Outsourcing non-core activities would also enable the medical facilities improve satisfaction by clients.   According to Ronan (77-88), this is through provision of high quality services due to two reasons.    The first reason is that the facility concentrates in its core specialty, which leads to attainment of higher levels of productivity.   The second reason is that such activities are delegated to professionals in those fields, who perform them effectively, and with relative ease, since that is their specialty.   This has the overall effect of improving effectiveness and efficiency of operations and hence achieving the objectives and goals of medical facilities.   This enables the needs of the customer to be satisfied. Career opportunities. When activities that are outsourced by medical facilities are performed within the premises of the hospital or health center, this provides opportunities for employees to learn from professionals.   They can get access to new skills or more efficient methods of achieving the desired tasks.   This may even create alternative careers for such employees.   Acquisition of new skills improves their professional resume, which may help advance their careers.   They are also able to make informed decisions due to access to a variety of information.

Criminal profiling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Criminal profiling - Research Paper Example Offender Profiling Criminal Profiling or Offender Profiling is the method that is utilized as a tool to locate or predict the profile and characteristics of an unknown criminal offender. In different regions of the world, criminal profiling is considered by different names like, criminal personality profiling, criminological profiling, behavioral profiling or criminal investigative analysis. As far as geographical profiling is concerned, it is a different method of profiling an offender. In the year 1990, 2005 and 2011, a number of television serials and films like â€Å"Criminal Minds† and a film entitled â€Å"The Silence of the Lambs† have introduced many names, which according to FBI version, highlights the salient features of "criminal investigative analysis." Here we cite, Holmes and Holmes, which indicates three main objectives of criminal profiling. Initially it is to provide complete information about law enforcers along with a social and psychological analytical background of the offenders (other serial killers) that would be helpful for the police who needs help in the investigations (Holmes and Holmes 139). Amongst many kinds of criminal profiling, one is called linkage analysis. Gerard N. Labuschagne, a well known profiler has connected his analysis on the behavioral attitude of the offender, which plays an important role in detecting or determining the possibility of crimes that have been committed by one or more offenders. Gathering many evidences relating to offender’s crime style such as modalities of committing crimes and the signature of the offenders will be of great help to establish an essence for a linkage analysis. An offender’s modality is the tendency of killing victims. An offender’s signature, if found similar in each killing, may be helpful for the investigator to trace the actual culprit. It is worth mentioning that the linkage analysis is effectively utilized in a case or cases where the DNA test facility is not available (Labuschagne 186). Labuschagne, who can be stated as a profiler of repute is of the view that in gathering and looking at the a spects of the offender’s crime pattern, investigators must take into account five procedural assessment a) gather data from multiple channels b) review available data to pin point prominent features of each crime c) categorize the significant features d) compiling a written report that identifies the findings (Labuschagne 189). Historical background In the case of â€Å"ordinary† criminals, straight forward process, involving all relevant indications and establishing a rational objective for the crime, which most often helps lead to the actual perpetrators, is adopted. Apparently, it may be objectless crime, if it comparatively presents difficult and complex conundrum. It is true that an investigator cannot find a clue of a criminal until and unless concrete evidence is there to connect with him with the crime (Sillup 2010). Describing cited subjects is nothing but criminal profiling. Criminal profiling is an art of tracking down the real perpetrator rather than scienc e. It is based on careful observation of physical evidence of a crime

Effect of screening mammography on breast cancer Research Paper

Effect of screening mammography on breast cancer - Research Paper Example This listing of alternative treatments, under the current legal system, must even include the risks and benefits of non-treatment (Marshall, 2005). Despite being clinical screenings, including annual screening mammography and other treatments, being named the most effective method for reducing mortality and detecting early cancers by the United States Preventative Services Task Force (Greco et al., 2009), there is great difficulty in determining the actual efficacy of the technique on mortality rates (Spencer et al., 2004). The difficulty lies in separating the effect of screening on the actual mortality rates of detected cancers versus its effect on the time of detection, what researchers refer to as the lead-time bias (Spencer et al., 2004). Also, any longitudinal study faces the issue that as medical science improves, long-term survival rates for cancer patients improves as well. The sample becomes contaminated as the researchers cannot separate survival due to better screening or due to better treatment (Marshall, 2005). ... d screening mammography is generally done routinely only for women, a perception of its effectiveness should be examined under Madeleine Leininger's theory of transcultural nursing. Women in and of themselves could be considered a cultural group, and they are also subject to high levels of pressures on their behavior due to their cultural environment. Cultural care requires making allowances for the age, ethnic background, and other personal background characteristics of a patient (Hammerschmidt, Zagonel, and Lenardt, 2007). Breast cancer screening effectiveness must be looked at through the eyes of the women in different cultures, generations, racial and ethnic backgrounds, and income brackets (Shyyan et al., 2006; Wujcik et al., 2009), as the usage of screening treatments by all of these women is integral to the success of any study. Research Methodology The determination of effectiveness requires quantitative analysis of numerical data. The literature research method should theref ore focus on finding such statistics, but also ensuring that such statistics are comparable. Data from different age groups, for example, should not be analyzed together without allowances for that variance. CINAHL was searched for articles that contained the phrases â€Å"breast cancer†, â€Å"screening mammography†, and â€Å"breast cancer mortality†. The search was limited to articles since 2001. Additionally, Google Scholar was used to locate articles and information about the Leininger theory of cultural care. All sources used are from peer-reviewed medical and nursing journals to ensure the quality of the research. Review of Literature Two major types of studies exist about screening mammography: attempts to determine, empirically, the success of screening techniques, and the general

Healthcare reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healthcare reform - Research Paper Example The health reforms have targeted three major areas: uniformity of plans across gender, age and people with pre-existing diseases; accessibility to quality healthcare; and rein in cost (Whitehouse). The cost effectiveness would broadly be addressed by enforcing measures to control wastage, fraud and abuse in Medicare. The austerity measures and savings would further enable the healthcare industry to spread medical insurance to larger segment of population who have not been covered under healthcare plans due to lack of finances. $630 billion have been allotted in the budget of 2010 which would be used as reserve for the healthcare reforms over a period of ten years (OMB). Graham (2011) asserts that ‘Affordable Care Act offers the potential to address the needs of racial and ethnic minority populations, by bringing down health care costs, investing in prevention and wellness, supporting improvements in primary care, and creating linkages between the traditional realms of health and social services’. Thus, it can be successfully concluded that reforms initiatives in healthcare would go a long way in promoting equality and non discrimination at all levels of healthcare